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- <text id=93TT0641>
- <title>
- Nov. 22, 1993: The Gulf Gas Mystery
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Nov. 22, 1993 Where is The Great American Job?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- DEFENSE, Page 43
- The Gulf Gas Mystery
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Evidence suggests that troops were indeed exposed to chemical
- agents, but were the Iraqis responsible?
- </p>
- <p>By Christine Gorman--Reported by Scott Norvell/Atlanta and Bruce van Voorst/Washington
- </p>
- <p> Larry Kay will never forget the night of the white cloud. On
- Jan. 20, 1991, three days after the Gulf War had started, Kay
- was dozing in an armchair at his construction battalion's camp
- in Saudi Arabia, more than 100 miles from the Kuwaiti border.
- At 3 a.m. an exploding Scud missile jolted him awake. Before
- Kay had time to clamp on his gas mask, the acrid smell of ammonia
- assaulted his lungs, and he watched a whitish gray cloud drift
- over the camp. Says he: "Right after that, people started getting
- sick."
- </p>
- <p> Members of the battalion developed large red blotches on their
- hands and arms. Within a week, Kay felt tired almost all the
- time. Since then he has suffered chronic diarrhea, aches in
- all his joints and has difficulty breathing--symptoms that
- have bedeviled many of the Seabees who served with Kay in the
- Persian Gulf. "These guys have been miserable for the past two
- years, and they weren't having any of these problems before
- that," says Charles Jackson, a physician at the Veterans Affairs
- Medical Center in Tuskegee, Alabama. Last month, after running
- many tests on Kay and researching medical journals going as
- far back as World War I, Jackson determined that the soldier
- had been exposed to chemical agents. He was the first Gulf War
- vet to receive that diagnosis, despite similar complaints from
- thousands of ailing troops.
- </p>
- <p> The Veterans Affairs Department has since downplayed Jackson's
- diagnosis. But Kay, a 52-year-old fireman from Columbus, Georgia,
- who served on reserve duty, is not getting well. In fact, he
- is more convinced than ever that he must have been exposed to
- disease-causing chemical agents while serving in the gulf. Several
- veterans and their families testified before a congressional
- committee last week that the Defense Department has either ignored
- their complaints or dismissed the troops who make them as malingerers.
- </p>
- <p> Such congressional scrutiny has prompted the Pentagon to look
- more strenuously into the mystery of what is generally described
- as Gulf War syndrome. So far, 8,000 veterans of the war have
- registered their symptoms with the U.S. government. The veterans'
- campaign for greater official recognition of the malady was
- bolstered last week when the Pentagon reversed itself and accepted
- a report from the Czech military indicating that some of its
- chemical sensors detected trace amounts of mustard gas and the
- nerve poison sarin in Saudi Arabia during Desert Storm. A team
- of U.S. experts determined that the Czech evidence was both
- reliable and convincing. The experts could not explain, however,
- where the toxins came from. "There were no Scud launches, no
- artillery exchanges, or no offensive actions at this time that
- could have delivered the chemical agents," Defense Secretary
- Les Aspin said last week.
- </p>
- <p> The Czechs believe the toxins drifted over ground troops after
- allied forces blew up an Iraqi chemical installation 100 miles
- northwest of Kuwait. U.S. defense officials have rejected that
- idea because they believe the wind was blowing in the opposite
- direction--back into Iraq. Furthermore, they found no evidence
- of casualties caused by chemical agents anywhere near the site
- of the attack.
- </p>
- <p> Even if the Czech equipment did pick up traces of chemical agents,
- that still doesn't explain why so many other soldiers who were
- stationed far from the Czech position became ill. Medical experts
- have considered several possibilities--everything from allergic
- reactions to harmful exposure to microwave radiation. Unfortunately,
- investigators say, none of these possible solutions fit all
- the facts.
- </p>
- <p> The latest guess focuses on heavy industrial pollution around
- the Saudi city of Jubail, where many of the ailing troops were
- deployed. "I think we are dealing with, in some groups, a specific
- exposure to some kind of industrial chemical," said Major General
- Ronald Blanck, commander of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center.
- That exposure may, in turn, have sensitized soldiers to the
- degree that their bodies can no longer tolerate minute, normally
- harmless amounts of environmental toxins.
- </p>
- <p> This syndrome, called "multiple chemical sensitivity," explains
- some of the respiratory symptoms doctors have documented. But
- it cannot account for all the ailments. As a result, Aspin announced
- the creation of a board of inquiry headed by Joshua Lederberg
- of Rockefeller University, a Nobel-prizewinning expert on rare
- and emerging diseases. But it is up to the Pentagon to bridge
- the credibility gap that seems to have sprouted over the strange
- new syndrome.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-